With a Rover-built Rolls-Royce Meteor engine, as used on the Comet and Cromwell, the new design would have excellent performance. The hull was redesigned with welded, sloped armour and featured a partially cast turret with the highly regarded 17 pounder (76.2 mm/3-inch) as the main gun and a 20 mm Polsten cannon in an independent mounting to its left. In case of damage by mines, individual suspension and wheel units could be replaced relatively easily. The Horstmann design did not offer the same ride quality as the Christie system, but took up less room and was easier to maintain. The Christie suspension, with vertical spring coils between side armour plates, was replaced by a Horstmann suspension with three horizontally sprung, externally mounted two-wheel bogies on each side. The Department produced a larger hull by adapting the long-travel five-wheel Christie suspension used on the Comet with the addition of a sixth wheel, and extending the spacing between the second and third wheels. The modified production gearbox had a two-speed reverse, with the higher reverse speed similar to second gear. A high reverse speed was specified, as during the fighting in southern Italy, Allied tanks were trapped in narrow sunken roads by the German Army. A high top speed was not important, while agility was to be equal to that of the Comet. The British railway loading gauge required that the width should not exceed 10 ft 8 in (3.25 m) and the optimum width was 10 ft 3 in (3.12 m), but, critically, for the new tank this restriction had been lifted by the War Office under pressure from the Department of Tank Design. Initially in September 1943 the A41 tank was to weigh no more than 40 long tons (45 short tons 41 t) the limit for existing Mark I and Mark II transport trailers and for a Bailey bridge of 80 ft (24 m) span.
#The centurion series
After a series of fairly mediocre designs in the A series in the past, and bearing in mind the threat posed by the German 88 mm gun, the War Office demanded a major revision of the design requirements, specifically: increased durability and reliability, the ability to withstand a direct hit from the German 88 mm gun and providing greater protection against mines. In 1943, the Directorate of Tank Design, under Sir Claude Gibb, was asked to produce a new design for a heavy cruiser tank under the General Staff designation A41. 5.1 Tanks of comparable role, performance and era.
3.1.3 Centurion production mark numbers.In British Army use it was replaced by the Chieftain and Conqueror tanks. The South African National Defence Force still employs over 200 Centurions, which were modernised in the 1980s and 2000s as the Olifant (elephant).īetween 19, 4,423 Centurions were produced, consisting of 13 basic marks and numerous variants. As recently as the 2006 Israel–Lebanon conflict the Israel Defense Forces employed heavily modified Centurions as armoured personnel carriers and combat engineering vehicles. The Centurion became one of the most widely used tank designs, equipping dozens of armies around the world, with some still in service until the 1990s. South Africa deployed its Centurions in Angola during the South African Border War. The Royal Jordanian Land Force used Centurions, first in 1970 to fend off a Syrian incursion within its borders during the Black September events and later in the Golan Heights in 1973. Centurions modified as armoured personnel carriers were used in Gaza, the West Bank and on the Lebanese border. Israel's army used Centurions in the 1967 Six-Day War, the 1973 Yom Kippur War, the 1978 South Lebanon conflict, and the 1982 Lebanon War.
The Centurion later served on the Indian side in the Indo-Pakistani War of 1965, where it fought against US-supplied M47 and M48 Patton tanks and it served with the Royal Australian Armoured Corps in Vietnam. It first entered combat with the British Army in the Korean War in 1950 in support of the UN forces. Six prototypes arrived in Belgium less than a month after the war in Europe ended in May 1945. It was a very popular tank with good armour, manoeuvrability, and armament.ĭevelopment of the Centurion began in 1943 with manufacture beginning in January 1945. The chassis was also adapted for several other roles, and these have remained in service to this day. Introduced in 1945, it is widely considered to be one of the most successful post-war tank designs, remaining in production into the 1960s, and seeing combat in the front lines into the 1980s. The Centurion was the primary British Army main battle tank of the post- World War II period.